西安地区旅游景点水体卫生细菌学调查及保护对策

以粪大肠菌和异养细菌总数做指标，对西安地区旅游景点水体的卫生细菌学状况进行了调查。结果表明，西安市区内旅游景点的人工湖、天然湖等大都受到不同程度的污染，而离市区较远、海拔较高的旅游景点则污染较轻。     

啤酒废水处理技术的生产性应用

高浓度啤酒废水进行厌氧处理后 ,再与低浓度啤酒废水混合进行好氧处理 ,是一条经济合理的技术路线。采用以升流式厌氧污泥床 (UASB)和周期循环活性污泥系统 (CASS)为主的技术处理啤酒废水 ,工程应用表明该工艺技术具有先进实用的明显特征 ,能够有效的处理高浓度啤酒废水 ,处理水质稳定达到啤酒工业废水排放标准     

二(2-乙基己基)磷酸大块液膜中传输四价铈的研究

二(2-乙基己基)磷酸(DEHPA)一直成功的作为一种含有氯仿膜的大块液膜载体有效的传输Ce~(4+)。文章采用有氯仿膜的大块液膜方法进行Ce~(4+)的传输研究,结果表明:pH为2左右的料液中含有纯净的Ce~(4+)或者Ce~(4+)与一些阳离子二者的混合物,这些阳离子包括Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+),Na~+,K~+,Pb~(2+),Fe~(3+),Cu~(2+),以及UO~(2+)等,而0.1mol/L的盐酸为传输池中分散相的反萃取剂。大于99%的Ce~(4+)会在2h以内有选择的渗入液膜以内,而在相同时间内其他阳离子的传输量将少于3%。料液相中存在的Fe~(3+)和UO~(2+)的存在对铈离子的传输有极大的影响。Fe~(3+)可以有效地利用加入到料液中的硫氰化钾或柠檬酸加以掩蔽,但是UO~(2+)的共传输却只能利用加入到料液相中的碳酸盐或硫氰酸盐来加以减少。     

Biota-sediment accumulation factors for Dechlorane Plus in bottom fish from an electronic waste recycling site, South China

Biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) for Dechlorane Plus (DP), a highly chlorinated flame retardant, were determined in three bottom fish species, i.e., crucian carp, mud carp, and northern snakehead from an electronic waste recycling site in South China. The average BSAFs are 0.007, 0.01, and 0.06 for syn-DP, and 0.003, 0.025, and 0.001 for anti-DP in crucian carp, mud carp, and northern snakehead, respectively, suggesting low bioaccumulation potential of DP isomers in these fish. However, the bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) determined previously in the same sample set indicated that both DP isomers were highly bioaccumulative (BAFs>5000) in most of the samples. This implies that BSAF values may be inherently inconsistent affecting their reliability as a bioaccumulation indicator. The BSAFs for DP isomers are two orders of magnitude lower than those (average of 0.43-2.28) for extremely hydrophobic polychlorinated biphenyls (CBs 199, 203, 207 and 208), but are comparable to those (average of 0.0001-0.009) for decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 209) determined in the same sample set. Despite of the different chemical structures of the three compound classes, significantly negative correlations between logarithm of octanol-water partition coefficients (log K(OW)s) and BSAFs of these chemicals were found, indicating that hydrophobicity is one of the key factors influencing the bioaccumulation of these compounds.     

Spatial distribution and vertical profile of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, tetrabromobisphenol A, and decabromodiphenylethane in river sediment from an industrialized region of South China

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), and decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE) were detected in fifteen surface sediments and two sediment cores collected from a river in one heavily industrialized region of South China. TBBPA and DBDPE were detected with concentrations ranging from 3.8 to 230 ng/g dw and from 23 to 430 ng/g dw, respectively. Σtri-hepta-BDEs and Σnona-deca-BDEs ranged from 0.7 to 7.6 ng/g dw and from 30 to 5700 ng/g dw, respectively. Σtri-hepta-BDEs showed an increasing trend whereas for Σnona-deca-BDE two sediment cores revealed a decreasing trend in more recent sediment layers which may attributed to the introduction of DBDPE. The rapid increasing trend for TBBPA and DBDPE in recent sediment layers well reflected the rising demand of these two compounds in study area.     

融雪剂对大叶黄杨生长和生理特性的影响

为了研究融雪剂对道路绿化植物的影响,以大叶黄杨（Euonymus japonicus Thunb）为研究材料,研究了其在3种融雪剂（JLR-01、LBR-4、芦笛一号）不同施用量影响下的生长量和生理特性。结果表明：随着融雪剂LBR-4和芦笛一号的施用量的增大,大叶黄杨叶片的相对生长量和株高相对生长量、光合速率（Pn）、水分利用效率（WUE）、蒸腾速率（Tr）和气孔导度（Gs）随之减小,而低施用量的融雪剂JLR-01对大叶黄杨生长量、Pn、WUE和Tr有促进作用。随着融雪剂作用时间的延长,3种融雪剂的Pn和WUE也随之减小,Tr则是先减小后有所增大。当融雪剂施用量较小和胁迫时间较短时,Pn下降是因为气孔关闭;而当施用量较大和胁迫时间较长时,Pn下降是因为叶肉同化能力下降;3种融雪剂对大叶黄杨的胁迫程度由大到小的次序为：芦笛一号〉LBR-4〉JLR-01;大叶黄杨对3种融雪剂施用量的忍耐阈值在80 g.m-2左右,大叶黄杨对施用LBR-4和芦笛一号的耐受时间阈值大约为3周,对施用JLR-01的耐受时间阈值为3周以上。     

On-site and off-site atmospheric PBDEs in an electronic dismantling workshop in south China: gas-particle partitioning and human exposure assessment

Gas samples and total suspended particle during work and off work time were investigated on-site and off-site electronic waste dismantling workshop (I- and O-EWDW), then compared with plastic recycling workshop (PRW) and waste incineration plant (WIP). TSP concentrations and total PBDE were 0.36-2.21 mg/m³ and 27-2975 ng/m³ at different workshops, respectively. BDE-47, -99, and -209 were major ∑PBDE congeners at I-EWDW and WIP, while BDE-209 was only dominant congener in PRW and control sites during work time and all sites during off work time. The gas-particle partitioning result was well correlated with the subcooled liquid vapor pressure for all samples, except for WIP and I-EDWD, at park during work time, and residential area during off work time. The predicted urban curve fitted well with measured φ values at O-DEWD during work time, whereas it was slightly overestimated or underestimated for others. Exposure assessment revealed the highest exposure site was I-EDWD.     

Accumulation pattern of Dechlorane Plus and associated biological effects on rats after 90 d of exposure

Recent studies have indicated that Dechlorane Plus (DP) is widespread in the environments. However, different isomer-specific enrichment pattern of syn-DP and anti-DP was reported in biological samples from the field. In this study, Sprague–Dawley rats were consecutively exposed to commercial DP 25 by gavage for 90 d at different doses (0, 1, 10, and 100 mg kg^?1 d^?1) to investigate the accumulation pattern of syn-DP and anti-DP in liver, muscle, and serum of rats. The possible biological effects of DP on rats were also examined. Results showed that DP preferentially accumulated in the liver rather than in muscle at all exposure levels. No significant stereoselectivity of anti-DP or syn-DP in tissues was observed in the low DP exposure groups (0 and 1 mg kg^?1 d^?1) with f_anti values (defined as the concentration of the anti-DP divided by the sum of concentrations of anti- and syn-DP) ranging from 0.74 to 0.78. However, f_anti values reduced (f_anti ranged from 0.26 to 0.30) significantly in the high DP exposure groups (10 and 100 mg kg^?1 d^?1) and syn-DP was predominant in all tissues. Biochemical parameters in serum, the mRNA expression levels of certain enzymes and their activities in liver were detected. There was no observable-effect in histopathology and death during the experiment, although the mRNA expression levels of some genes in the low dosage group decreased significantly and enzyme activity of CYP 2B2 increased.     

沸石生物联合吸附再生工艺中溶解性有机物的特性变化

利用三维荧光技术(EEM)和凝胶过滤色谱法(GFC)研究了沸石生物联合吸附再生(ZCS)工艺中溶解性有机物(DOM)在系统中的变化规律.结果表明,生活污水DOM中主要的荧光物质有类蛋白质(荧光峰A和B)和类腐殖质(荧光峰C),经ZCS工艺处理后,荧光峰B较峰A的强度降低更多,说明类蛋白质的组成结构发生了变化;荧光峰C削...     

渭河陕西段潜流带沉积物重金属变化初步分析

为厘清潜流带沉积物重金属时空变化及与水量交换、沉积物颗粒结构间的关系,于2013年春夏两季对渭河陕西段5个研究断面66个测试点位沉积物的野外原位渗透系数、颗粒粒径、重金属含量进行分析.结果表明:影响渭河沉积物渗透系数的主要因素是沉积物粒径,同时沉积物垂向分层、排列组合也影响其渗透性能;沉积物重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd质量分数在垂向上不同深度其含量大小不同,在时间上总体呈现春季夏季,富集系数(EF指数)分析结果显示春季Cu、Zn(除华县)、Pb(除眉县)、Cd富集严重且主要受人为输入源影响,夏季除Cd元素外,Cu、Zn、Pb的EF值均1.5,说明其含量主要来源于地壳和岩石圈的自然风化过程;Pearson相关分析发现粘土与粉砂(粒径0.075 mm)百分比与沉积物重金属质量分数呈弱相关,重金属粒径效应不显著,粒径不是控制重金属含量的主要环境影子;对单一重金属垂向不同深度含量进行相关性研究发现除Cd外,其余3种重金属在垂向上的相关系数均0.5(p0.01),说明单一重金属在垂向上具有同源性且存在相互迁移与转化.